{
  "id": "INT-18",
  "category": "Security cooperation",
  "capability": "Exchange defense personnel and pay eligible foreign-partner liaison/travel expenses",
  "summary": "Reciprocal or nonreciprocal exchanges, R&D assignments to supporting foreign industry, and narrowly eligible cooperation travel/liaison support.",
  "legal_basis": [
    {
      "citation": "10 U.S.C. § 311",
      "url": "https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title10-section311&num=0&edition=prelim",
      "kind": "statute",
      "note": ""
    },
    {
      "citation": "10 U.S.C. § 312",
      "url": "https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title10-section312&num=0&edition=prelim",
      "kind": "statute",
      "note": ""
    },
    {
      "citation": "10 U.S.C. § 334",
      "url": "https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title10-section334&num=0&edition=prelim",
      "kind": "statute",
      "note": ""
    },
    {
      "citation": "10 U.S.C. § 335",
      "url": "https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title10-section335&num=0&edition=prelim",
      "kind": "statute",
      "note": ""
    }
  ],
  "authority_holder": "Secretary of Defense; specific request/coordination requirements vary.",
  "actor_chain": {
    "planner": [
      "Geographic or functional CCMD security-cooperation planners",
      "Embassy SCO and Chief of Mission country team"
    ],
    "resource_owner": [
      "DSCA and the specified program appropriation holder",
      "Service/Defense Agency comptroller"
    ],
    "approver": [
      "Secretary of Defense or documented authorized delegate",
      "Secretary of State where required"
    ],
    "executor": [
      "Service personnel/international offices",
      "Host headquarters support and travel offices"
    ],
    "partners": [
      "Foreign partner government",
      "Department of State",
      "Export-control/foreign-disclosure officials"
    ]
  },
  "actor_sources": [
    {
      "title": "DSCA Security Assistance Management Manual, chapter 1: roles and implementing agencies",
      "url": "https://samm.dsca.mil/chapter/chapter-1"
    }
  ],
  "requirements": [
    "Exchange acceptable to parties; State concurrence for specified non-defense/international organizations and foreign-industry R&D assignment.",
    "Normally each government pays its own personnel, with specified host costs excepted.",
    "Apply developing-country, extraordinary-circumstance and program-specific travel conditions."
  ],
  "limits": [
    "No oath of allegiance or official capacity in host government under §311.",
    "Liaison support, UN Command expenses and Colombia training expenses are bounded categories, not generalized gifts."
  ],
  "funding": [
    "Available eligible funds and travel ceilings; §312 liaison annual monetary limit applies."
  ],
  "coordination_path": "Headquarters/Service requirement → personnel/international agreement → appropriate State coordination → travel/support office with fiscal eligibility check.",
  "availability": "Existing statutory pathway; conditional on the listed findings, approvals, eligible purpose and actual available funds. Not an obligation-ready certification.",
  "confidence": "High on express statutory capability; execution/delegation and currently available resources require program-specific confirmation.",
  "currentness": "GovInfo 2024 U.S. Code baseline read; relevant FY2026 NDAA (Pub. L. 119-60, enacted 2025-12-18) amendments reviewed. Target 2026-10-02; source-specific OLRC checks and remaining delta are documented in international.md. No certification of current funds or executed delegations.",
  "family": "Security cooperation, assistance and education",
  "mechanisms": [
    "Cooperation & exchanges"
  ],
  "goal_ids": [
    "allies-partners"
  ],
  "office_links": [
    {
      "office_id": "combatant-commands",
      "role": "planner",
      "label": "Geographic or functional CCMD security-cooperation planners"
    },
    {
      "office_id": "comptrollers",
      "role": "resource_owner",
      "label": "Service/Defense Agency comptroller"
    },
    {
      "office_id": "defense-agencies",
      "role": "resource_owner",
      "label": "Service/Defense Agency comptroller"
    },
    {
      "office_id": "secretary-deputy-secretary",
      "role": "approver",
      "label": "Secretary of Defense or documented authorized delegate"
    }
  ]
}